class: center, middle # CSci 395.86 Open Source Software Development
## Free and Open Source Software - Business Models .author[ Instructor: Stewart Weiss
] .license[ Copyright 2020 Stewart Weiss. This work is based on slides written by Joanna Klukowska, released under a [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) license,
which may be found at https://joannakl.github.io/ossd_s19/slides/HFOSS.html. These slides are released under a [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). ] --- ### Sources and Interesting Articles - [Wikipedia's Business Models for Open Source](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_models_for_open-source_software) is a Wikipedia article on various business models used in the open source community. - [Explosive growth of open source software](https://techcrunch.com/2017/04/07/tracking-the-explosive-growth-of-open-source-software/) is an article about the growth of and tracking of open source software companies, with the [BOSS index](https://www.battery.com/powered/boss-index-tracking-explosive-growth-open-source-software/) to rank them. - [8 advantages of using open source in the enterprise](https://enterprisersproject.com/article/2015/1/top-advantages-open-source-offers-over-proprietary-solutions) is an article aimed at CIOs to convince them that open source software is good for their companies. - [Musings on open source software business models](https://spot.livejournal.com/327801.html) is an article by Tom Callaway of RedHat in which he discusses various business models for open source software. - [TideLift.com](https://tidelift.com/about) is the webpage that describes TideLift, a company with a novel business plan that acts as an intermediary between open source software companies and the companies that use their products. - [10 ways to learn more about open source software and trends](https://enterprisersproject.com/article/2018/9/10-ways-learn-more-about-open-source) is an article aimed at CIOs with descriptions of reports, conferences, newsletters, and other media, to educate professionals about open source and its importance in the enterprise. - [The Linux Foundation's 2018 Open Source Jobs Report](https://www.linuxfoundation.org/publications/2018/06/open-source-jobs-report-2018/) is a report on jobs in the open source world in 2018. To give you some idea, from the report: "Open source continues its long stretch of popularity, becoming the software of choice for businesses large and small." --- ### Sources and Interesting Articles - [Open Source Within Modern Companies](https://opensource.com/business/16/5/whats-open-source-program-office) is an explanation of why modern software companies need an office that can exert influence on various sectors of software ecosystems, clarify its open source messaging, maximize the clout of its projects, or increase the efficiency of its product development. - [Projected revenue of open source services from 2017 to 2022](https://www.statista.com/statistics/270805/projected-revenue-of-open-source-software-since-2008/) is a paid site but you might catch a glimpse of the data. - [Working in Open Source](https://cs.nyu.edu/~joannakl/ossd_s19/slides/HunterNYUPres.pdf), presentation by Patrick Masson --- # Open Source # is NOT a Business Model -- ## but, ## there are business models that are ## built around open source projects -- - there is money made in the world of open source - many people think that open source, as an idea, is antithetical to the idea of making money - if this was the case, the business world would not be using and participating in open source projects --- # Business Models - Software Consulting - Subscription Offerings - Auxiliary services ... - Donations - Open core - Software as a Service (SaaS) - Dual licensing / Selling exceptions - Peace of Mind - Bounty driven development --- # Software Consulting - provide consulting to other businesses regarding the use of open source in their daily operations. - provide consultation for starting and running an open source project Examples: - [Igalia](https://www.igalia.com/) - [Open Source Consulting Group (OSCGP)](https://www.oscgp.com/) - [Collabora](https://www.collabora.com) --- # Subscription Offerings - provide services that accompany the software that is otherwise available to anyone who wants it - examples of such services: - installation - maintenance - training - localization - day to day support Examples: - [RedHat](https://www.redhat.com/en) - originally operating system, not cloud - [Cloudera](https://www.cloudera.com/) - cloud --- # Donations - provide the software or service and encourage donations - sell products branded with the company name Examples: - [Mozilla](https://www.mozilla.org/) - collection of web-tools - [Wikipedia](https://www.wikipedia.org) - open encyclopedia --- # Open Core - provide the core of the project as open source - keep addons, customizations, improvements as propriatery Examples: - [Pivotal](https://pivotal.io) - cloud services - [GitLab](https://about.gitlab.com/) - version control hosting service - [Redis Labs](https://redislabs.com) - database software + cloud --- # Software as a Service (SaaS) - customers subscribe to an online service (the software running there is open source, but it is the service that generates revenue) - frequent overlap with open core model Examples: - [Wordpress](https://wordpress.com/) - [Blackboard](https://www.blackboard.com/) --- # Dual Licensing / Selling Exceptions - software is available under the open source license, - exceptions to that license are made (for a fee) to allow a third party company to use it under different rules Examples: - [MongoDB](https://www.mongodb.com) - database - [MySQL](https://www.mysql.com/) - database --- # Peace of Mind - acting as a middle-men between the company consuming the open source software and the open source project itself - charge the consumer in exchange for guarantees that the project will be supported and will continue development - support the open source project (financially) Examples: - [TideLift](https://tidelift.com/about) --- # Bounty driven development - third party companies using the open source software pay to have the bugs fixed and new features implemented Examples: - [Caprine](https://sindresorhus.com/caprine/) --- --- ---